A new method of characterization for stratified thermal energy stores

A new method for characterization of stratified thermal energy stores (TES) that integrates both the first law and the second law concerns is presented here. The first law concern is incorporated into a quantity called energy response factor and the second law concern into an entropy generation ratio. A product of these two quantities is at the heart of the TES efficiency definitions. This approach removes the overemphasis of the existing methods either on the first or the second law of thermodynamics which often biases the characterization results. The information about the evolution of the temperature field of the system in time is the prerequisite of the new method. It may be obtained from experiments or from suitable numerical simulations. The current method can be easily integrated into computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations and thus facilitate CFD-based design analysis. As an example of such CFD-integrated analysis, a large-scale hot water seasonal heat store is numerically studied to identify the effects of aspect ratio, containment shape, internal structures, and containment size on their efficiency. The results suggest the effectiveness of the new method in deriving useful design insights.     

MES在大庆石化实施的可行性分析

文中阐述了炼油与化工MES在大庆石化实施的意义、及设计和实施方案.分析了实施MES将取得的效果,对炼油与化工MES的实施和推广具有重要参考价值.     

双层柱面网壳采用粘滞阻尼器的减震参数分析

研究了粘滞阻尼器对双层柱面网壳减震效果的主要影响参数和影响规律。通过考虑阻尼器不同的设置方式、设置位置和数量、阻尼系数,以及不同的网壳矢跨比,线性阻尼器与非线性阻尼器的比较等,进行了一系列减震参数分析。结果表明,替换方式优于附加方式,替换杆件的数量存在临界值,阻尼系数存在最优范围,网壳矢跨比的影响显著,非线性阻尼器和线性阻尼器的减震效果基本相同等。这些规律对实际工程应用具有一定的参考意义。     

Rates of Crystallization of Dried Lactose-sucrose Mixtures

The isothermal crystallization kinetics of glassy lactose/sucrose mixtures were studied at several storage temperatures (close to T_g and T_m). The kinetic parameters implicit in the Avrami equation were determined. Activation energies for transport (E_D) and surface nucleation (W*) were also found and correlated to the molar composition of the lactose/sucrose mixtures. A monotonic increase in the half crystallization time (t_1/z), Avrami index (n), % crystallization per day, activation energy for transport (E_D) and surface nucleation energy (W*) and a decrease in the crystallization velocity constants (K) were related to the increase in the lactose content of lactose/sucrose mixtures.     

快速锁相频率合成器

介绍了锁相合成技术，对提高可编程分频器速度作了分析，估算了跳频时间，提出了进一步缩短跳频时间的措施。     

用于频率合成器的低损耗声表面波滤波器

简述了产生声表面波滤波器插入损耗的主要机理和获得低损耗的原则；介绍了根据此原则对１００～５００ＭＨｚ５种滤波器的研制过程和结果。实验表明，采用镜像阻抗连接换能器结构可达到３～４ｄＢ的低损耗，并成功地应用于频率合成器中。     

一种简易可靠的射频激光调制器

采用ＰＩＮ电调衰减器、ＴＬ４９４等元件组成了射频（ＲＦ）大功率ＣＯ２激光调制器，调制频率、占空比和调制度单独可调。给出了电路的工作原理和测试结果。     

激光相变硬化性能与工艺参数关系的数学模型

用回归正文分析的方法．建立了中碳结构钢、碳素工具钢和合金结构钢的激光相变硬化性能与工艺参数间关系的数学模型。分析了回归力程的显著性并预测了各硬化指标的精度。     

分组网与ISDN互连的性能分析

本文研究分组交换数据网与ＩＳＤＮ互连的性能分析，文中考虑了分组肉与窄带ＩＳＤＮ和宽带ＩＳＤＮ互连时信关所应完成的功能，分别给出了两种情况下的信关排队模型；在信关存储容量分别为有限和无限的情况下，对两种模型进行了求解，给出了阻塞概率和平均延迟的表达式。对于与Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ互连的情况，提出了用开关确定性过程来描述输出排队的分组到达流，并提出了一种小时隙方法分析ＳＤＰ／Ｄ／１排队。